IIT JEE Inorganic Chemistry Ch.13. NON-METALS Core Points for Revision

IIT JEE Inorganic Chemistry Ch.13. NON-METALS Core Points for Revision
The Inorganic Chemistry of IIT JEE syllabus is covered in six chapters the first one being nonmetals. The rest of the chapters are compounds of metals, compounds of nonmetals, transient elements, ores/minerals and extractive metallury and qualitative analysis.

Seperate posts are there for each chapter.

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IIT JEE Syllabus NON-METALS

Isolation/preparation and properties of the following non-metals:
Boron,
silicon,
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
oxygen,
sulphur and
halogens;

Properties of allotropes of
carbon (only diamond and graphite),
phosphorus and
sulphur.



Boron (B)
Z = 5, 1s²2s²2px¹
Boron belongs to 13th group.

Method of obtaining Boron

By the reduction of boric oxide by an electropositive metal like magnesium.

silicon (Si) -


Atomic Number is 14. 1s²2s²2p^63s²3p²
Method of obtaining Silicon: Heating finely divided silica with magnesium powder.

Sulphur (S)
Partial combustion of Hydrogen sulphide produce sulphur.


Halogens

Flourine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I).

Chlorine is yellow green gas
Bromine is reddish brown liquid
Iodine is steel grey solid



Allotrope

• Allotropes are elements that can exist in two or more different physical forms
• Diamond, graphite and buckminster fullerine are allotropes of carbon.
• The allotropes of carbon are all the element carbon. The type of carbon is determined from the bonding that occurs.


The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in flat sheets that slide easily over each other, while the atoms in diamond are bonded in a complex, honeycombed structure that makes the solid much harder.

Atmospheric oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3) are allotropes of oxygen.


For example, phosphorous occurs in three forms--white, red, and black. White phosphorous is poisonous and very reactive, red phosphorous is not poisonous and it is only moderately reactive, and black phosphorous is nearly inert.

Rhombic and monoclinic sulfur are allotropes.